Could We Travel To Another Galaxy Using Hypervelocity Stars?

The thought of traveling to a distant star is daunting enough , let alone the prospect of facing millions of years of flight sentence to reach the nearest galaxy . Remarkably , the discovery of galaxy - bunk hypervelocity stars may allow for a solution .

In a late theme , discussedhereby Adam Crowl , Robin Spivey ponders “ autonomous probes that spawn life upon arriver ” as a way of life of accomplish the Virgo bunch , which he wants to do for reasons Adam explained in his place . He ’s also consider on continuous acceleration at 1 g for these minor ‘ germ ship , ’ but other than mentioning antimatter , he does n’t explore how this would be done , and we ’ve seen the results Sagan and Iosif S. Shklovskii come up with for antimatter when they worked out the equations .

have ’s strike that the ‘ wearisome boat ’ result is the only practical way to proceed . Here I think Adam ’s suggestion that we take our environment with us rather than building a worldship is sensitive , cast away a little star and satellite out of the astronomical gist toward the finish . Ray Villard ruminate the same interrogative sentence back in 2010 in an online piece called “ The Great Escape : Intergalactic Travel is Possible . ” He points to the four million solar mass black hole at the meat of the Milky Way as the only conceivable way to convey the call for kinetic zip to a superstar .

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Here ’s how Villard describes the mechanism :

The theory is that a star could be slingshot out of a binary star organisation if the astral duo swung close to the central black hole . The hole ’s gravitational tidal forces would go against apart the yoke ’s gravitative embrace .

The fellow star orb in the direction of the calamitous kettle of fish would pick up momentum and plunge toward the bleak yap . In accordance with Newton ’s third law of motion — action - reaction — the other binary companion would go whizzing off with the same velocity but opposite counseling off from the black pickle .

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In just a few thousand years the star would move up out of the galactic sheet and hurtle deep into intergalactic space . The unrelenting tug of our Milky Way ’s benighted matter aura would slow it down but the star would never fall back into the Galaxy .

Using ESO ’s Very Large Telescope , astronomers have recorded a massive star incite at more than 2.6 million kilometres per hour ( 1160 km / sec ) . Credit : ESO .

We do in fact know about a routine of such hypervelocity maven , some of which may be move tight enough to exceed galactic flight speed . Consider this : average hotshot in the Milky Way have speed in the reach of 100 klick per second , while some hypervelocity stars near galactic center show velocities of ten multiplication that , close on 1,000 km / sec . Meanwhile , a team run by Tilmann Piffl ( Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics , Potsdam ) that has been working with in high spirits - speed stars has calculated escape cock velocity for object in the locality of our own Solar System . The squad use data from the Radial Velocity Experiment ( RAVE ) study .

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https://gizmodo.com/an-entirely-new-class-of-galaxy-escaping-hypervelocity-1498624540

The issue : We would need 537 kilometers per irregular to get our payload tight enough to escape the coltsfoot . That ’s a in high spirits speed , of course , but in terms of small craft , it ’s not a tidy sum high than some studies have shown a solar canvas could reach using an extremely tight ‘ Sundiver ’ maneuver to countenance itself be whipped out of the Solar System . Piffl ’s squad has catalogued hypervelocity stars moving at 300 km / sec , and we also know of unbound hypervelocity stars ( although it ’s a wily call because of uncertainty about the mass distribution of the wandflower ) . Even some neutron stars are fast - movers : RX J0822 - 4300 was measured to move at 1500 km / sec in 2007 .

Not all hypervelocity headliner come from encounters with the black trap at galactic centre . In oeuvre describe at the American Astronomical Society encounter in January , Kelly Holley - Bockelmann and grad student Lauren Palladino found what may be a new class of hypervelocity stars moving with sufficient fastness to break loose the galaxy ( seeStars at Galactic Escape Velocity ) . Says Holley - Bockelmann :

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“ It ’s very punishing to kick a star out of the galaxy . The most unremarkably accepted mechanism for doing so demand interacting with the supermassive disgraceful hollow at the galactic core . That mean when you delineate the star back to its birthplace , it comes from the essence of our galaxy . None of these hypervelocity adept make out from the centre , which connote that there is an unexpected young class of hypervelocity principal , one with a unlike ejection mechanism . ”

As we con more about what creates hypervelocity stars , can we ideate far succeeding technologies that might help us exploit them ? If so , an intergalactic journey opens up . A civilization that somehow draw rein a hypervelocity genius for such a journeying — or one that rise on a planetary system that had been already flung into intergalactic space — would experience aeon in the space between the wandflower , periods that shadow the lifetime of human civilizations . Villard speculates about the astronomer of such a civilisation essay to name their spot in the universe as their ‘ worldship ’ exited the Milky Way , globular clustering pepper the sky , the Galax urceolata ’s spiral sleeve winding out from a nucleus looking like ‘ a blurred headlamp . ’

Inevitably larger telescopes would yield a prospect of the universe that revealed innumerous other pinwheel anatomical structure . Spectroscopy would show they are racing away too . Still the stranger literally would n’t bang if they ’re coming or get going . A long - populate civilisation ’s science archive would take down the shrinkage and dimming of the Milky Way over geological time . They might resolve that the eery catherine wheel is speeding off from them . And without a cosmological or astral framework , they would have no idea of cosmic evolution . They would not even be able-bodied to calibrate the immense distance to the Galaxy .

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But let ’s adopt for the interest of argument that a civilization might wittingly place out on a hypervelocity star system , its futurist great power Brobdingnagian enough to mould the encounter between the star and the astronomical black hole so as to train its journey to the proper destination . Any civilisation that did this would wittingly be break open into different evolutionary line break the sizeableness of the distances and time necessitate , leaving behind its own species to grow into another over the course of study of gazillion of years . Whether and why any species might choose to make this kind of a journey is an exercise left to the reader , and to the imagination of science fable writers .

We ’ve seen mavin manipulated for a variety of purposes in science fiction , as a matter of fact . Tomorrow I ’ll wrap up this calendar week of speculations on intergalactic travelling with a face at some of the method acting that have been engage to move star around , and the potential SETI implications that arise from all this .

The Piffl newspaper is “ The RAVE view : the Galactic escape speed and the hatful of the Milky Way , ” submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics ( preprint ) . The Palladino paper is “ Hypervelocity Star Candidates in the SEGUE G and K Dwarf Sample , ” The Astrophysical Journal Vol . 780 , No . 1 ( 2014 ) , withabstractandpreprintavailable .

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